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Burden of infectious disease studies in Europe and the United Kingdom: a review of methodological design choices
- Periklis Charalampous, Juanita A. Haagsma, Lea S. Jakobsen, Vanessa Gorasso, Isabel Noguer, Alicia Padron-Monedero, Rodrigo Sarmiento, João Vasco Santos, Scott A. McDonald, Dietrich Plass, Grant M. A. Wyper, Ricardo Assunção, Elena von der Lippe, Balázs Ádám, Ala'a AlKerwi, Jalal Arabloo, Ana Lúcia Baltazar, Boris Bikbov, Maria Borrell-Pages, Iris Brus, Genc Burazeri, Serafeim C. Chaintoutis, José Chen-Xu, Nino Chkhaberidze, Seila Cilovic-Lagarija, Barbara Corso, Sarah Cuschieri, Carlotta Di Bari, Keren Dopelt, Mary Economou, Theophilus I. Emeto, Peter Fantke, Florian Fischer, Alberto Freitas, Juan Manuel García-González, Federica Gazzelloni, Mika Gissler, Artemis Gkitakou, Hakan Gulmez, Sezgin Gunes, Sebastian Haller, Romana Haneef, Cesar A. Hincapié, Paul Hynds, Jane Idavain, Milena Ilic, Irena Ilic, Gaetano Isola, Zubair Kabir, Maria Kamusheva, Pavel Kolkhir, Naime Meriç Konar, Polychronis Kostoulas, Mukhtar Kulimbet, Carlo La Vecchia, Paolo Lauriola, Miriam Levi, Marjeta Majer, Enkeleint A. Mechili, Lorenzo Monasta, Stefania Mondello, Javier Muñoz Laguna, Evangelia Nena, Edmond S. W. Ng, Paul Nguewa, Vikram Niranjan, Iskra Alexandra Nola, Rónán O'Caoimh, Marija Obradović, Elena Pallari, Mariana Peyroteo, Vera Pinheiro, Nurka Pranjic, Miguel Reina Ortiz, Silvia Riva, Cornelia Melinda Adi Santoso, Milena Santric Milicevic, Tugce Schmitt, Niko Speybroeck, Maximilian Sprügel, Paschalis Steiropoulos, Aleksandar Stevanovic, Lau Caspar Thygesen, Fimka Tozija, Brigid Unim, Hilal Bektaş Uysal, Orsolya Varga, Milena Vasic, Rafael José Vieira, Vahit Yigit, Brecht Devleesschauwer, Sara M. Pires
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- Journal:
- Epidemiology & Infection / Volume 151 / 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 09 January 2023, e19
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This systematic literature review aimed to provide an overview of the characteristics and methods used in studies applying the disability-adjusted life years (DALY) concept for infectious diseases within European Union (EU)/European Economic Area (EEA)/European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries and the United Kingdom. Electronic databases and grey literature were searched for articles reporting the assessment of DALY and its components. We considered studies in which researchers performed DALY calculations using primary epidemiological data input sources. We screened 3053 studies of which 2948 were excluded and 105 studies met our inclusion criteria. Of these studies, 22 were multi-country and 83 were single-country studies, of which 46 were from the Netherlands. Food- and water-borne diseases were the most frequently studied infectious diseases. Between 2015 and 2022, the number of burden of infectious disease studies was 1.6 times higher compared to that published between 2000 and 2014. Almost all studies (97%) estimated DALYs based on the incidence- and pathogen-based approach and without social weighting functions; however, there was less methodological consensus with regards to the disability weights and life tables that were applied. The number of burden of infectious disease studies undertaken across Europe has increased over time. Development and use of guidelines will promote performing burden of infectious disease studies and facilitate comparability of the results.
Toward an interdisciplinary integration between multi-agents systems and multi-robots systems: a case study
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- Wagner Tanaka Botelho, Maria Das Graças Bruno Marietto, Eduardo De Lima Mendes, Daniel Rodrigues De Sousa, Edson Pinheiro Pimentel, Vera Lúcia da Silva, Tamires dos Santos
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- Journal:
- The Knowledge Engineering Review / Volume 35 / 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 August 2020, e35
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Multi-Robot System (MRS) is composed of a group of robots that work cooperatively. However, Multi-Agent System (MAS) is computational systems consisting of a group of agents that interact with each other to solve a problem. The central difference between MRS and MAS is that in the first case, the agent is a robot, and in the second, it is a software. Analyzing the scientific literature, it is possible to notice that few studies address the integration between MAS and MRS. In order to achieve the interdisciplinary integration, the theoretical background of these areas must be considered in this paper, so that the integration can be applied using a case study of decentralized MRS. The objective of this MRS is to track and surround a stationary target. Also, it has been implemented and validated in the robot simulator called Virtual Robot Experimentation Platform (V-REP). In the validation of the proposed MRS, a scenario with three robots and a stationary target were defined. In the tracking task, the robot can detect the target whose position is not known a priori. When the detection occurs, the V-REP informs the target position to the robot because the environment is discretized into a grid of rectangular cells. After that, all the robots are directed to the target, and the surround task is realized. In this task, a mathematical model with direct communication between the robots was used to keep the robots equidistant therefrom and from each other.
Inflammation in Psoriatic Arthritis: The DIETA trial – Dietetic IntervEntion in psoriaTic Arthritis
- Beatriz Leite, Melissa Morimoto, Carina Gomes, Barbara Klemz, Patricia Genaro, Nagila Damasceno, Vera Szejnfeld, Marcelo Pinheiro
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the Nutrition Society / Volume 79 / Issue OCE2 / 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 June 2020, E500
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The oxidative stress has been considered one of the main aspects related to psoriatic arthritis (PsA), diabetes, hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome. Based in the premise that there is a close relationship between the metabolic and inflammatory domain in PsA patients, our aim was to evaluate the role of a 12-week nutritional intervention, including hypocaloric diet and antioxidant supplementation, on inflammatory markers and disease activity in patients with PsA.
A total of 97 patients diagnosed with PsA (CASPAR, 2006) were included in this randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled trial. Patients were distributed in three different groups: control (C) that received placebo (3 g of soybean oil); diet plus supplementation (DS) with hypocaloric diet plus omega 3 supplementation (3g); diet (D) with hypocaloric diet plus placebo supplementation (3 g of soybean oil). It was evaluated skin (PASI and BSA) and joint activity (DAS28-CRP, DAS28-ESR, BASDAI) and biochemical parameters, such as inflammatory markers (CRP, ESR, adiponectin, TBARs) and glucose and fat metabolism serum levels (HbA1c, fasting glucose and insulin, total cholesterol and fractions, triglycerides, AGER, oxidized- LDL, electronegative LDL (-) and anti-LDL (-) autoantibody) at baseline (T0) and after 12-week intervention (T3). Descriptive statistics are expressed as mean, standard deviation and frequency. Results were then compared using Kruskal-Wallis, ANOVA, Wilocoxon, Man-Whitney and T-Student test and multiple regressions. Level of significance was set as p < 0.05.
At baseline there was an increase of inflammatory markers (CRP, ESR, TBARs, AGER, LDL modifications), decrease of anti-inflammatory (adiponectin) and high prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (41.2%) and peripheral insulin resistance (60%). Our data showed a significant correlation between electronegative LDL and PASI and a correlation between AGER and DAS28-ESR, indicating that a decrease of inflammatory parameters could be related to skin and joint improvement. However, after 12-week nutritional intervention there has no improvement of proinflammatory markers in the group. There was only a significant increase of adiponectin serum levels in all 3 groups, suggesting a benefit effect on chronic inflammation. According our results, omega 3 supplementation was not more effective to improve inflammation, oxidative stress and disease activity.